Thursday, December 16, 2021

Continental UltraContact 6 SUV - UC6SUV - 2 Years In

With slightly more than 2 years in service and approximately driven for about 12k km with 2 occasions of tire rotation, balancing and alignment which happens once every 6-months. Here is a follow up of the Continental UC6SUV tire that has braved through the Covid19 lockdown and rarely used due to movement restrictions. My original post dated to August 2019 can be read here, and I will be drawing a few photos from that posting as a comparison.

Throwback August 2019
I decided to have a follow up post as the tire is technically into it's half-life (age wise) but still has a lot of tread. Rule of thumb for safety is to replace a tire once every 5-years or when the tread has worn down to the tire wear indicator. This is for both safety and compliance to the regulation (where you must have at least 1.6mm of tread on your tire). It is an offence that will get you summoned for RM300 for failure to do so. You can refer to the JPJ Malaysia site here, under Act 333 (K.105MV/C/U)

I have diligently sent my car for rotation, balancing and alignment every 6-months, or when I need to service my car. Apart from prolonging the tire life, a well aligned tire is essential for safety and handling. What help is that I have a friend that does this for a living (tire shop) and he will always ensure my cars are well aligned. I missed one session of alignment due to MCO, and this actually resulted in the car running for a year without proper alignment session.

This is the tire new as reference


This is the tire now, 12K km approx, flipped L-R. 

Immediately you can see that the left and right edges are worn off more than the middle. This is a front tire, which takes in more weight due to the engine location. So this is not unexpected. But this also strengthen the reason why tire rotation is important every 6 months or 10k km. While I am on more extreme side (every 5k km), the cost to replace the tires will be more expensive than the rotation and alignment, so the maths works out in favour of a scheduled (vs km) rotation.
closer look of the front left side

rear left is ok

Front right even wear on outer edge


Post 2 years ride impression:
The tire doesn't dissapoint in all Malaysian weather. Surely planted in the dry and a joy to drive in the wet. Aquaplanning is minimal and the grip around the corner when put through the paces is great. This is likely due to the fact that this is a UC6 meant for SUV with stiffer sidewall and limits the flexing. Having said that, the actual performance on the bend of this tire is limited only by how aggressive you are driving. As I am a careful driver, i rarely push through corners as you never know what will happen. On the straight, the tire felt secured to the ground, added with Subaru AWD system, the car goes where the steering points to with almost no delay - a testament on how responsive the tire UC6SUV is. One thing I enjoyed from day 1 until today? The braking performance remains the same as new. Impressive.

Tuesday, December 14, 2021

Manfaat Latihan Zon 2 Kadar Denyutan Jantung

Hello semua. Harap semua sihat dan sentiasa Covid19 negatif. Sudah masuk 21 bulan kita di ambang pandemik ini dan dengan kemunculan variasi Omicron nampaknya kita semua perlu memperketatkan lagi tabiat dan disiplin berkenaan dengan SOP seperti yang disaran oleh KKM. Untuk rencana/artikel (haha, ada perbincangan dalam perbincangan jika saya perlu kekal guna "rencana" ataupun beralih kepada "artikel" untuk lebih mengikut peredaran dan perubahan bahasa, apa kata anda?) hari ini, saya akan cuba kongsi pendapat saya berkenaan dengan latihan Zon 2. Minggu lepas, saya telah memberi ulasan bagaimana boleh mencari dan memperbetulkan zon latihan untuk diri sendiri. Hari ini, saya nak mengulas mengenai manfaat dan kebaikan latihan Zon 2 Kadar Denyutan Jantung (Zone 2 Heart Rate).

Kenapa latih di dalam Zon 2?

Zon 2 diistilahkan sebagai kadar aerobik yang stabil di mana anda boleh berlari untuk jangka masa yang lama pada kadar kelajuan yang sama tanpa memerlukan penggunaan tenaga yang berlebihan. Larian yang lebih efisen atau menjimatkan tenaga bermakna anda mampu berlari lebih lama tanpa merasa letih. Sebab itulah Zon 2 dikenali sebagai latihan larian asas. Keupayaan untuk berbual sambil mengekalkan rentak kelajuan yang sama. Larian asas walaupun nampak senang, ia adalah satu latihan yang agak susah dari segi disiplin dan ego pelari. 
larian pada kadar senang atau easy. 

Berikut ialah beberapa faedah dari larian atau latihan di Zon 2 kadar denyutan jantung:
  • Latihan asas Zon 2 yang kerap akan membantu anda membina keupayaan aerobik dan daya tahan yang kuat. Ia juga akan meningkatkan keupayaan ambang laktat anda.
  • Sila ambil perhatian bahawa Zon 2 untuk berlari dan berbasikal mungkin berbeza kerana berlari merupakan satu aktiviti yang dipengaruhi oleh sistem kardio anda dan berbasikal dihadkan oleh ketahanan sistem otot anda. Inilah sebab mengapa VO2max berlari dan VO2max berbasikal berbeza.
  • Kapasiti aerobik yang mantap akan membantu beban jantung untuk turun dan pulih dengan kadar yang lebih cepat apabila latihan intensiti tinggi di lakukan (contoh di dalam sesi larian yang sama yang mempunyai kadar intensiti tinggi yang berselang dengan rehat yang mencukupi). Kadar aerobik yang mantap juga bermaksud anda boleh melakukan latihan intensiti tinggi dan waktu rehat yang pendek antara set atau mampu melakukan volum yang lebih tinggi (jarak, masa) pada rentak kelajuan yang sama.

Higher interval volume with shorter rest, at similar pace and at similar power profile

  • Latihan kadar denyutan jantung atau HR yang lebih rendah akan membantu meningkatkan kecekapan aerobik, membolehkan anda meningkatkan rentak dan kelajuan larian anda dengan kadar denyutan jantung yang lebih rendah. Dengan ini, anda mampu berlari yang lebih lama tanpa mengorbankan cara dan postur larian, mahupun membantu berbasikal lebih jauh dengan lebih efisen.
  • Ambang Laktat (Lactate Threshold LTHR) Zon 2 membenarkan penggunaan lemak sebagai punca tenaga utama. Larian yang lebih laju akan mengakibatkan penggunaan tinggi simpanan glikogen (gula) oleh badan - ini merupakan faktor pengehad kerana glikogen semakin berkurangan, menyebabkan anda menjadi perlahan kerana lebih banyak oksigen diperlukan untuk menukar lemak menjadi tenaga. Saya pernah rencanakan tentang ini pada tahun 2012: Burning Fat as Energy/Membakar Lemak sebagai tenaga
  • LTHR Zon 2 akan menggunakan otot Jenis 1 anda atau otot renggutan perlahan yang penting untuk atlet jarak jauh. Otot Jenis 1 menggunakan lemak sebagai sumber tenaga utama dan penting untuk terus melatih otot-otot ini menggunakan lemak sebagai sumber tenaga primer. Lemak membekalkan dua kali ganda tenaga berbanding dengan karbohidrat. Ia lebih tepu tenaga (9kcal berbanding 4kcal setiap gram). Lathian Zon 2 akan membantu anda mengurangkan kemungkinan untuk "bonk" pada KM32 maraton!
Isteri saya telah berlatih pada kadar denyutan jantung Zon 2 dan peningkatan ketara berlaku cuma berlari sebanyak 5 larian seminggu (Prinsip 80-20) di mana dia berkata mampu berlari dengan lebih mudah dan lebih terkawal dari segi kadar jantung. Dalam satu larian intensiti tinggi, dia telah mencatat keputusan masa untuk jarak 5km terbaik berbanding dalam beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini. Setelah mengamalkan latihan Zon 2, kelajuan larian telah berubah dari kelajuan 7:30min/km kepada 5:30min/km tanpa peningkatan melebihi Zon 3 (larian Tempo).

Latihan larian asas Zon 2 bukanlah sesuatu yang baru, dan bukan saya yang cipta untuk tujuan penulisan rencana ini. Saya telah lama mengamalkan dan sentiasa menyaran latihan Zon 2 ini kerana ia telah terbukti membantu saya melengkapkan larian dan latihan triatlon saya. Kejayaan latihan kadar jantung Zon 2 ini bergantung kepada keutuhan dan memastikan Zon kadar jantung anda yang tepat. Harus diingatkan yang Zon 2 setiap orang berbeza, seperti kebolehan dan kemampuan setiap atlit dan pengamal latihan. 

Semoga rencana hari ini boleh membantu anda memahami matlamat latihan Zon 2. Jika terdapat sebarang soalan, sila tinggalkan ulasan di bawah. Saya akan cuba menjawab atau mengulas.

Terima kasih kerana membaca!

Monday, December 06, 2021

Latihan Berpandukan Zon 2 Kadar Jantung

Hai semua, atas cadangan dan nasihat seorang kawan, saya akan mencuba menulis rencana dalam Bahasa Malaysia dengan menggunakan rencana yang pernah saya tulis di laman saya yang tak seberapa ini. Jika ada kesilapan atau kekurangan, mohon beri pandangan dan kritikan supaya saya dapat memperbaiki untuk rencana masa hadapan!

Semoga semuanya baik dan anda semua sihat! Ini adalah penjemahan bahasa dari pautan Zone2 HR Training Benefit yang saya pernah kongsi di laman ini. Mungkin dengan rencana dalam Bahasa Malaysia, ia akan menolong kawan-kawan yang lebih fasih berbahasa untuk belajar mengenai "lactate threshold", atau  ambang laktat (LT). Perkongsian ini pernah saya tulis pada Januari 2013 dan 2019. Kira cerita lama sudah. 

Keputusan untuk mengembalikan fokus kepada latihan menggunakan ambang laktat dan juga pada tahap Zon 2 kadar jantung sangat dipengaruhi oleh aktiviti peribadi saya selepas Ironman Langkawi 2019, dan saya sendiri mengambil langkah besar dalam "berehat" di mana saya melihat kecergasan peribadi saya menurun dengan ketara dan memutuskan bahawa ini adalah peluang yang baik untuk membina semula latihan pangkal saya.

Saya telah berlatih sejak pandemik Covid19 iaitu dari Mac 2020 sehingga kini menggunakan prinsip 80-20, iaitu 80% dari latihan asas saya (berenang, berlari dan berbasikal) berada di Zon 2 kadar jantung. Selebih 20% itu adalah khusus untuk latihan yang lebih mencabar melepasi Zon 3. 

Sebagai rujukan, tiga rencana yang pernah saya tulis mengenai latihan denyutan jantung ialah:

1. Finding your Lactate Threshold - 2013
2. Training Zone based on Lactate Threshold - 2013
3. Training Zone using your Heart Rate - 2019
Carta yang saya guna pada tahun 2004, jauh sebelum GPS dan HRM mampu milik, dan menggunakan jam detik dan membaca denyutan jantung dengan menggunakan jari di pergelangan tangan. Kini, anda tidak perlu melakukan sebegini lagi kerana peranti lebih berpatutan dan tepat dari segi teknologi

Untuk perkongsian hari ini, saya akan cuba memberi ringkasan rencana yang saya pernah tulis:
A. Finding Your Lactate Threshold 2013:
Gunakan keputusan larian 5km atau 10km terbaik anda:
  • Cari purata denyutan jantung (HR) anda - ini akan menjadi Kadar Jantung Ambang Laktat (Lactate Threshold HR - LTHR) anda
  • Cari kelajuan larian (pace dalam minit/kilometer) Purata anda - ini akan menjadi Kadar Ambang Laktat (LTpace) anda
  • LTpace amat berguna jika anda mencari rentak tempo, iaitu satu larian pada Zon 3. Senaman tempo (atau maks Zon 3) hendaklah menjadi senaman utama anda. Saya menulis secara meluas mengenai perkara ini pada tahun 2013 - Tempo Run (akan saya menulis kembali di dalam Bahasa Malaysia)
  • Ingat, LTHR dan LTpace hanya akan bertambah baik setelah anda menjadi lebih kuat dan lebih pantas, ini bermakna anda perlu terus bekerja lebih keras untuk mencapai tahap kualiti senaman yang lebih mencabar. 
  • LTHR dan LTpace berkait rapat dengan VO2Max atau Volume Oksigen maksimum anda iaitu jumlah oksigen yang boleh dibawa oleh darah anda (dalam mililiter) dan diproses untuk berat anda (dalam kg) dalam satu minit.
  • Orang yang sudah berada di tahap latihan yang tinggi boleh membawa dan memproses lebih banyak oksigen berbanding orang yang tidak terlatih - ini merupakan petunjuk tahap kecergasan mereka.
  • LT anda adalah petunjuk kemampuan VO2max yang boleh digunakan oleh badan anda dengan berkesan. Jadi jika anda mempunyai VO2max yang tinggi tetapi LT yang rendah bermakna anda tidak akan dapat memaksimakan potensi itu.
  • Dalam kebanyakan kes, LT adalah petunjuk yang lebih baik tentang keupayaan atlet untuk mengeluarkan asid laktik lebih cepat, lalu menggurangkan ia terkumpul oleh otot. Atlet (sangat) terlatih akan mencapai ambang laktat mereka pada 80-85% daripada VO2Max mereka. Faktor ini adalah di mana kebanyakan peranti mengira ramalan VO2max anda berdasarkan masa yang anda habiskan di zon HR 80-85% ini.
  • Zon Larian (Formula Joe Friel berdasarkan Triathlete Training Bible - satu buku yang amat teliti mengenai cara latihan seorang triathlet.)
    • Zon 1 (Pemulihan) Kurang daripada 85% LTHR
    • Zon 2 (Aerobik) 85% hingga 89% daripada LTHR
    • Zon 3 (Tempo) 90% hingga 94% daripada LTHR
    • Zon 4 (Sub Ambang) 95% hingga 99% daripada LTHR
    • Zon 5a ( Ambang Super) 100% hingga 102% daripada LTHR
    • Zon 5b (Kapasiti Aerobik) 103% hingga 106% daripada LTHR
    • Zon 5c (Anaerobik) Lebih daripada 106% LTHR
  • Berdasarkan zon di atas, keputusan untuk larian "Zon 1 dan Zon 2" menjadi lebih jelas dan kukuh - jika anda mahu membina sistem kardiovaskular anda dan membina asas yang kukuh (kecergasan atau base fitness), latihan Zon 2 amat sesuai.
              • Hubungan antara HR Maksimum (HRmax), HR Rehat (HRr) dan LTHR. Bagaimana setiap bacaan mempengaruhi zon latihan anda, dan mengapa mencari dan menentukan zon yang betul adalah penting.
              • Tidak semua orang mempunyai Zon 2 yang sama. Anda perlu tahu HRR, HRmax dan LTHR anda. Tiada jalan pintas untuk mendapatkan data ini - anda perlu membuat larian 5km atau 10km untuk menentukan zon dan bacaan (juga lihat Bahagian A dan B di atas)
              • Sekali lagi, 80% latihan pada "mudah" (sehingga Zon 3), dan 20% pada "keras" (Zon 3 dan ke atas). Dalam istilah yang lebih mudah, jika anda berlari 5 kali seminggu, 4 hari sepatutnya mudah, dan 1 hari adalah sukar.
              Zon HR saya berdasarkan HRR, HRmax dan LTHR saya. HRR banyak menindih zon HRmax dan LTHR. Menggunakan HRR adalah lebih baik jika anda seorang pelari yang mahir dan terlatih
              • Banyak perbualan dan perbincangan di internet (seperti Twitter, Facebook dan Instagram) dari pendapat ramai pelari yang kuat (dan berjaya) menggunakan HRR sebagai zon pilihan mereka.
              • Saya lebih suka menggunakan LTHR kerana sebagai triatlet, saya perlu mampu bertahan dengan asakan latihan yang lebih lama. Oleh sebab ini, latihan saya sangat bergantung pada keupayaan keseimbangan asid laktik saya untuk tidak "letih".
              • Jika anda melihat carta di atas, anda akan melihat sama ada saya akan menggunakan HRR, saya perlu berlari lebih keras dan memasuki Z3/Z4 saya di HRR Z2. Jika saya menggunakan HRmax, ia akan menjadi terlalu mudah kerana ia akan kekal di LTHR Z1 saya.
              • Jadi sebelum anda cuba mengikuti program latihan orang lain (atau kelajuan mereka), ketahuilah zon HR yang ingin anda gunakan. Ini penting kerana Zon denyutan jantung dan latihan anda adalah khusus dan unik kepada keupayaan semasa anda.
              Selamat mencuba. Kalau ada sebarang soalan atau kemusykilan, sila tinggalkan komen di bawah!

              Seterusnya : Kenapa berlatih di Zon 2 - Nantikan rencana ini minggu depan!

              Friday, December 03, 2021

              Pirelli DIABLO™ ROSSO SCOOTER - Review UPDATE!

              Update: December 2021
              The Tire has been serving me well in the past 10k km and I would say it is at it's midlife now. Grip is still solid and certain on the corners. Braking confidence is still there, solidly. What I've noticed changes is the wet-grip has somewhat deteriorated, not unexpected but taking corners would require a bit more confidence and common sense (of slowly down). Directional changes is still sharp - bearing in mind that this is a scooter, not a superbike, and it can get clumsy on tight roads and switching lanes between cars.
              With another perhaps, 2 years before a tire change, I will see how much more I could push this tire, before deciding if I will stick to the same model, or change to another tire for future easy town commuting no drama ride.
              Until then, keep safe!
              This review post has been written on March 21, 2019.

              Two years ago, I did a review on a pair of Pirelli Angel CiTy that was fixed to my 13 years old underbone motorbike. 2-years on, I have no complains of the rubber's performance in both wet and dry. Every corner and every braking I did on my daily commute is with full confidence that my wheels will stay on the road. As a conclusion to the "long term review" of this tire, it has clocked close to 4000km over the past 2-years. Low mileage considering I only use it for commuting - and still looked new. No compromise on the grip - wet or dry!  Also, my first bike, the Keeway TX200 came with Pirelli Angel Demon as standard. I know how the bike handles with the rubber, and two experiences tells me, Pirelli makes good tires for bikes too!
              Made the 110cc bike looked fast
              Fast forward 2-years later, I made a decision to purchase a second hand scooter - A Modenas Elegan 250i, which was a direct rebadge from Kymco X-Town 300i. The 250cc variant is only available in Malaysia. I will find time to do a review of this scooter. I had a hard time trying to find real user feedback of this scooter, as most were written by media and sound too good, driving the marketing pitch. Hands up if you agree real user review trumps any other social media influencers or media write up!
              Vrroom!

              Nice modern curves of a scooter

              The X-LED light is to show it's the Kymco X-Town
              The Scooter has two different sized tires/rim. 
              Recommended Pressure is 28psi and 32psi
              The front tire is a 120/80-14, and the back is 150/70-13. This meant the front tire is 96mm in height, and the rear is 105mm in height. A larger wheel provides better control over potholes or uneven road, and smaller wheels has lower rolling resistance (or inertia). The new bike came with Kenda K711 (and front is known as K711F) rubber. 
              K711 150/70-13 M/C 64S (M/C is Motorcycle) (approximately RM180 in Czech or average USD75 elsewhere)
              With rating of 64S - which meant it has a max load of 280kg (each) and speed rating of 180km/h. Technically more than sufficient to manage the scooter weight+rider+passenger+load. Kenda tires are good from my own experience, and they make great mountain bike tires. However, I do not know of their reputation with scooter tires.
              Kenda 711 Front has a middle line running through, while the rear is more sports aggressive looking
              As I bought the scooter pre-loved, it has 4000km on the dial. I rode it home from Jenjarom, via SKVE and NKVE - a decent 40km. Tested the tire at legal speed (90kmh and 110kmh) with occasional sprint (80-110km/h) to see where the power and torque comes in (22hp at 7000rpm and 21.7Nm at 6500rpm). One thing I noticed was that cornering took a little bit of confidence, and straight line (along SKVE one section with 10km straight) was not as assured/stable. I am sure some of you that rides two-wheeler will be able to relate to what I just shared. The next day, i headed out to get the tire changed. 
              Front tire after 4000km - pitting spotted.

              Rear tire after 4000km, looked worn on the middle - likely running on too high pressure 
              In Come The Pirelli Diablo™ Rosso

              While researching on internet for Malaysian scooter community, i came across many discussion on tire of choice for the Modenas Elegan 250i, particularly when the owner/rider were talking about cornering and straight line capability. Comfort and braking distance were part of discussion as well (since the Elegan 250i doesn't have ABS). 
              Great workshop for tire change!
              Three brand and model came up; Pirelli Diablo Rosso, Pirelli Angel Scooter and Bridgestone Hoop BO2 (lower profile at 70, none at 80). Pricing wise, Bridgestone being the most expensive at more than RM150 compared to Rosso, and close to 200 more than Angel. However, the Rosso sizing makes it a perfect fit (no compromise on speedometer reading as it's exact sizing). 
              Front tire rating at 212kg and rear at 280kg. TL = Tubeless. Both tires is about a year old based on manufacturer's date (WWYY)
              Based on feedback from a friend that used to ride TX200, and not riding a NMAX 155, scooter wheel balancing is essential to ensure even wear and stability. Since this will be changed, the shop offered free balancing and installation. No complains there as balancing will run up to RM50 (total) for me separately. 
              Rosso front tire - make sure you install it the other rotation around for water dispersion!
              The tires cost slightly less than RM500 (for both, can't remember exact pricing but I know the rear was more expensive due to wider width). Once everything was done, i got a reminder from the mechanic to "please do not ride too fast today as the tire still has a wax layer on it". Adding to that, it was raining. Talk about testing the wet performance immediately! Why not???
              Wet Performance
              3-rain rides over the past 600km since I took ownership of the bike. Confidence from KM 2 of the ride was very evident. I still rode carefully along DUKE highway (journey of 25km) with heavy rain pouring down all the way. Was cautious as I never rode a scooter, so my ability to take corner on this Elegan 250i was not as great as the Motard (TX200) and the underbone (Modenas Kriss). Then it rained heavily about 3 days ago, and yesterday (those God-sent rain were a great respite from the 38degC heat!)
              Drizzle starting!
              The Rosso lives up to the claim, and the other bikers' feedback, of the tire performance in wet. One of my Twitter correspondence mentioned that the Rosso is "superbike grade". He wasn't far as Rosso is placed as "Sport" range
              Angel is placed as "urban" vs Rosso as "Sport"
              Dry Handling
              A tire that has been performing well in the wet will obviously provide as good, if not better performance on the dry road. As the Elegan 250i is bigger than other scooter, it also weigh close to 200kg - it was very stable at all speed, including manouvering in traffic and on highway. Having a responsive tire helps in changing of direction. When I rode the Kenda K711, changes in direction on highway was slower - or there is a lag with steering response. At speed of 110kmh, everything else is slow (speed is relative), I remember having to change direction to avoid a pothole (on a highway!), and that milisecond split was critical. However, on the Rosso, changes of direction was way more responsive - almost that milisecond counts when avoiding potholes. I hope I am making sense here. 
              correct installation of the front tire is important. As shown in the photo above, the tread/rotation is reverse vs the rear. Make sure your tire mechanic/technician knows what they are doing and do not let them convince you (to put it per rotation on sidewall)
              Cornering
              Due to the construction and feature of Rosso, cornering on the scooter was safe and sure. Infact, it was fun, and the only thing between the lower part of the scooter frame and the road is the size of your balls. Leaning in on the scooter, and with the Rosso on was significantly different when I compared it against the Kenda. On the former, i felt the tire was losing grip as I exit the highway interchange at 80kmh (to a toll plaza), where else the Rosso allows me to take the same corner confidently. Perhaps, it is also the confidence one has that the (newer) tire will do what it does.
              The Rosso from back - looked aggressive and changes how the bike look instantly
              Tire Pressure
              The recommended pressure is 28front and 32 rear for one rider. The tire shop recommended to me both to be running at 32psi for the Rosso. After tweaking it for a week, running it at 32-34, and 32-33, the sweet spot for me was 32-33 where the comfort and handling were optimised for my weight (72kg), and with a passenger (max 55kg). Any lesser the scooter has a drag, and any higher, the ride became too harsh and bumpy. Bare in mind that tire will also heat up due to rolling resistance, and it will increase the pressure by up to . 
              Tire rotation, and marking on the sidewall
              The Rosso was introduced in January 2017, and it replaces the older scooter tires with more improvement (H-rated to S-rated) and compound


              The Pirelli Diablo™ Rosso Scooter Tires, per the website:
              THE NEXT LEVEL FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE AND SPORT SCOOTERS 
               


              1. Motorcycle performance on a scooter tyre
              2. Improved handling, absolute grip and performance in the wet combining all the latest technologies, materials, processes, and know-how achieved by PIRELLI in the racing activities
              3. Dedicated to riders with a sporty riding style, both in the urban environment and/or on winding roads or mountain passes
              4. High Silica Dual-Compound in rear tyre for higher mileage and excellent grip in all conditions
              DIABLO ROSSO™ SCOOTER provides the following benefits and technical 
              characteristics:
              • Sport handling: this tyre provides maximum agility in directional changes, 

              great stability in a straight line, and precision when holding a riding ‘line’, 
              whilst providing a high level of safety and predictability. This is due to the 
              combined characteristics of the profiles and the structures derived from the 
              new DIABLO ROSSO™
              • The best grip: thanks to the materials and the experience gained in other 
              areas, the new DIABLO ROSSO™ SCOOTER provides high level performance in 
              all conditions and at a wide range of operating temperatures.
              • Consistent performance: just having high performance is not enough; you 
              need to be able to have that performance for the entire lifespan of the tyre. 
              DIABLO ROSSO™ SCOOTER has a dual blend solution on the rear and a high 
              percentage of silica content that provides excellent grip in all conditions and 
              after significant mileage. The sport profiles and the “flash” tread pattern 
              ensure even wear and excellent water displacement.
              DIABLO ROSSO™ SCOOTER will be available from January 2017 in ten sizes
              six for the front (14, 15 and 16 inches) and four for the rear (13, 14 and 
              15 inches). The complete range of sizes is below